Hybridization Within Single Words: An Analysis of the Formation of English- Pashto Lexical Hybrids In Pashto Spoken Discourse
In bi/multilingual societies, the process of code-mixing and language hybridization holds great significance. The present study attempts to examine the process of language hybridization in the Pashto local context. The purpose of the study is to show that code-mixing of English lexical items in Pashto spoken discourse has resulted in the formation of English-Pashto lexical hybrids. Research data was collected through observation and television programs in the Pashto language. Data is analyzed by using Kachru's model of code-mixing of English in Hindi, where Unit Hybridization is applied, which isfurther added by the Sarwet Rasul model. Based on the research data, it was revealed that the English code mixed words in the Pashto language are mostly nouns. These words, when used by Pashto speakers, are made hybrid by adding different types of Pashto suffixes. The findings also revealed that because of the prestige factor attached, English words are used in Pashto spoken discourse which shows morphological deviations because of the influence of the mother tongue, i.e., Pashto language.
-
Code-mixing, Language Hybridization, English Language, Pashto Language
-
(1) Aiman Gul Akram
Lecturer, Department of English, Women University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Liaqat Iqbal
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
- Ahmad, S., & Ali, S. (2014). Impact of Urduised English on Pakistani English Fiction. Journal of Research (Humanities), L. 61-75.
- Alfehaid, A. F. (2014). The Positive and Negative Effects of Globalization on English Language Teaching and Learning. AWE, 5(2), 103-109.
- Dilshad, S. (2006). Language Hybridization and Code Mixing in Pakistani Talk Shows. Journal of Research (Faculty of Languages & Islamic Studies), 10(1). 29-40
- Jadoon, N. K. (2017). Pakistanization of English in Kamila Shamsie's Kartography. International Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research, 5(4). 1-17.
- Khan, H. I. (2012). The Evolution of Pakistani English (Pak) as a Legitimate Variety of English. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 1(5). 90-99.
- Khan, M., Shah, M., Jang, A., Hamid, A., & Shams, S. A. (2020). Language Hybridization in Advertisements of Banks in Pakistan. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 9(2). 443-454.
- Mahboob, A. (2003). The English language in Pakistan: A brief overview of its history and linguistics. Pakistan Journal of Language, 4(1). 1-48
- Meidani, E. N., & Reza, P. (2013). Analysis of English language textbooks in the light of English as an International Language (EIL): A comparative study. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 2(2), 83-96.
- Mushtaq, H. & Zahra, T. (2012). An Analysis of Code-Mixing in Television Commercials. Language in India, 12(11). 428-239
- Rafi, M. S. (2013) Urdu and English Contact In an E- Discourse: Changes and Implications. Gomal University Journal of Research, 29(2). 78-86
- Rasul, S. (2006). Language Hybridization in Pakistan as Socio-cultural Phenomenon: An Analysis of Code-mixed Linguistic Patterns (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis). National University of Modern languages. Islamabad. Pakistan.
- Rasul, S. (2013). Borrowing and Code Mixing in Pakistani Children's Magazines: Practices and Functions. Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies, 5(2), 46-72.
- Riaz, M. (2019). Language variation: Code-mixing and code-switching in Pakistani commercials. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(2), 411-419
Cite this article
-
APA : Akram, A. G., & Iqbal, L. (2021). Hybridization Within Single Words: An Analysis of the Formation of English- Pashto Lexical Hybrids In Pashto Spoken Discourse. Global Language Review, VI(I), 276-289. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(VI-I).30
-
CHICAGO : Akram, Aiman Gul, and Liaqat Iqbal. 2021. "Hybridization Within Single Words: An Analysis of the Formation of English- Pashto Lexical Hybrids In Pashto Spoken Discourse." Global Language Review, VI (I): 276-289 doi: 10.31703/glr.2021(VI-I).30
-
HARVARD : AKRAM, A. G. & IQBAL, L. 2021. Hybridization Within Single Words: An Analysis of the Formation of English- Pashto Lexical Hybrids In Pashto Spoken Discourse. Global Language Review, VI, 276-289.
-
MHRA : Akram, Aiman Gul, and Liaqat Iqbal. 2021. "Hybridization Within Single Words: An Analysis of the Formation of English- Pashto Lexical Hybrids In Pashto Spoken Discourse." Global Language Review, VI: 276-289
-
MLA : Akram, Aiman Gul, and Liaqat Iqbal. "Hybridization Within Single Words: An Analysis of the Formation of English- Pashto Lexical Hybrids In Pashto Spoken Discourse." Global Language Review, VI.I (2021): 276-289 Print.
-
OXFORD : Akram, Aiman Gul and Iqbal, Liaqat (2021), "Hybridization Within Single Words: An Analysis of the Formation of English- Pashto Lexical Hybrids In Pashto Spoken Discourse", Global Language Review, VI (I), 276-289
-
TURABIAN : Akram, Aiman Gul, and Liaqat Iqbal. "Hybridization Within Single Words: An Analysis of the Formation of English- Pashto Lexical Hybrids In Pashto Spoken Discourse." Global Language Review VI, no. I (2021): 276-289. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(VI-I).30