Language Domains: The Sociolinguistic Significance of Pashto-English Hybridization
Domains divide language according to the particular context of its use. Concerning different contexts of research, the domain varies. The purpose of the present research is to explore the sociolinguistic significance of Pashto-English hybridization in the language domains. To explore the area, TV programmes from a Pashto channel Khyber News were selected through purposive sampling. As two episodes from each programme were selected, thus a total of ten programmes were taken for analysis that makes about 10 hours of recording. For data analysis, Kachru’s (1978) framework was used. The findings show that according to different domains of language use, the frequency of hybridized words varied. In the domain of Government and Administration and School and Education, mostly words were hybridized, followed by the domain of Economy, Playground and Street, Military and Courts. The findings reveal that domains have sociolinguistic significance that determines the extent to which language is hybridized.
-
language Domain, Sociolinguistic Significance, Pashto-English Hybridization
-
(1) Nisar Ahmad
Lecturer, Department of English, Government Postgraduate College, Nowshera, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Liaqat Iqbal
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Irfan Ullah
Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
- Ahmad, N. (2018). Pashto-English hybridization: A lexical analysis of Pashto electronic media. (Unpublished MPhil dissertation). Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan.
- Ahmad, S. & Ali, S. (2014). Impact of Urduised English on Pakistani English Fiction. Journal of Research (Humanities), 61-75.
- Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. New York: H. Holt.
- Coupland, N., & Jaworski, A. (1997). Sociolinguistics: A reader and coursebook. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Emeneau, M. B. (1980). Language and linguistic area: Essays. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- Fishman, J. A. (1972). The sociology of language, yesterday, today, tomorrow. In R. Cole (Ed.), Current issues in linguistic theory (pp. 51-75). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press
- Gul, A. (2017). Hybridization at lexical level: An analysis of Pashto spoken discourse(Unpublished BS Thesis). Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan.
- Haugen, E. (1966). Dialect, language, nation. American anthropologist, 68(4), 922-935. doi: 10.1525/aa.1966.68.4.02a00040
- Hoffmann, C. (2014). Introduction to bilingualism. London: Routledge
- Jabeen, S. (2018). Code-mixing, code switching and borrowing in Urdu and Pakistani English language in media and daily life conversations. International Journal of Advanced Research, 6(11), 805-811.
- Kachru, B.B. (1978). Towards structuring code mixing: An Indian Perspective. International Journal of Sociology of Language, 1978(16). doi: 10.1515/ijsl.1978.16.27
- Labov, W. (1972). Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Thirumalai, M. S. (2004). Tradition, modernity, and impact of globalization- Whither will Tamil go? Language in India, 4. http://www.languageinindia.com/nov2004/tamilglobalization1.html
- Macek, D. (1991). Between language contact and language development. In V. Ivir & D. Kalogjera (Eds.), Languages in contact and contrast: Essays in contact linguistics (pp. 281-288). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Maschler, Y. (1998). On the transition from code switching to a mixed code. In P. Auer (Ed.), Code-switching in conversation: Language, interaction and identity. London: Routledge.
- Milroy, J. (1992). Linguistic variation and change: On the historical sociolinguistics of English. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
- Rasul, S. (2006). Language hybridization in Pakistan as a socio-cultural phenomenon: An analysis of codemixed linguistic patterns (Doctoral dissertation, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan) http://eprints.hec.gov.pk/1478/
- Wardhaugh, R. (2010). An introduction to sociolinguistics (6th ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Cite this article
-
APA : Ahmad, N., Iqbal, L., & Ullah, I. (2020). Language Domains: The Sociolinguistic Significance of Pashto-English Hybridization. Global Language Review, V(III), 108-116. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(V-III).12
-
CHICAGO : Ahmad, Nisar, Liaqat Iqbal, and Irfan Ullah. 2020. "Language Domains: The Sociolinguistic Significance of Pashto-English Hybridization." Global Language Review, V (III): 108-116 doi: 10.31703/glr.2020(V-III).12
-
HARVARD : AHMAD, N., IQBAL, L. & ULLAH, I. 2020. Language Domains: The Sociolinguistic Significance of Pashto-English Hybridization. Global Language Review, V, 108-116.
-
MHRA : Ahmad, Nisar, Liaqat Iqbal, and Irfan Ullah. 2020. "Language Domains: The Sociolinguistic Significance of Pashto-English Hybridization." Global Language Review, V: 108-116
-
MLA : Ahmad, Nisar, Liaqat Iqbal, and Irfan Ullah. "Language Domains: The Sociolinguistic Significance of Pashto-English Hybridization." Global Language Review, V.III (2020): 108-116 Print.
-
OXFORD : Ahmad, Nisar, Iqbal, Liaqat, and Ullah, Irfan (2020), "Language Domains: The Sociolinguistic Significance of Pashto-English Hybridization", Global Language Review, V (III), 108-116
-
TURABIAN : Ahmad, Nisar, Liaqat Iqbal, and Irfan Ullah. "Language Domains: The Sociolinguistic Significance of Pashto-English Hybridization." Global Language Review V, no. III (2020): 108-116. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(V-III).12